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Abdominoplasty
Procedure:
The excess skin and fat are removed surgically from the abdominal area. Depending on the needs of the patient, the muscles of the abdominal wall are tightened. The incision is a half moon shape (length dependant on the mass of skin and fat to be removed), and is usually made directly under the overhanging skin.
Length:
Approximately two to four hours.
Anesthesia:
Most commonly patients are placed under general anesthesia. This procedure can also be performed with a regional nerve block obtained with local anesthetic agents.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
Either is possible and depends on the patient's health and the doctor's preference.
Possible Side Effects:
Temporary discomfort, post-operative swelling, soreness or tenderness in the surrounding areas, numbness of abdominal skin and bruising are possible side effects.
Risks:
Infection, bleeding under the skin flap or at the incision site, pulmonary embolism (a blood clot that travels to the lung), scarring (keloids), delayed healing, or the need for a second reversionary operation are potential risks:
Recovery:
The patient may return to work within two to four weeks. Upon re-evaluation by the physician, the patient - may return to more strenuous activity after approximately four to six weeks. Scars should fade and flatten anywhere from three months to one year after surgery
Breast Augmentation
Procedure:
Improves the size and appearance of the breasts by implanting saline or silicone implants if applicable (the use of gel-filled implants may be government regulated) either under or over the chest muscle, thus producing a cosmetic enhancement
Length:
This procedure takes approximately two hours.
Anesthesia:
A general anesthesia is administrated and the patient is completely asleep, or an intravenous sedation is used, combined with local anesthesia.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
Either - depending on the patient's doctor's decisions.
Possible Side Effects:
Mild, temporary discomfort, mild to moderate swelling, a change in nipple sensation (either more or less), and temporary bruising. Breasts may be sensitive to stimulation for a few weeks.
Risks:
The implants may need to be removed and/or replaced to treat problems including:
deflation, implant rupture, the formation of scar tissue around the implant (capsular contracture), which may cause the breast to feel tight or hard, bleeding and/or infection. Other risks are an increase or decrease in sensitivity of the nipples or breast skin, which occasionally may be permanent.
Recovery:
The patient can return to work within a few days. She should avoid any physical contact with breasts (excluding her bra) for approximately three to four weeks. Scars should fade and flatten anywhere from three months to two years after surgery, depending upon how an individual heals.
Results:
The outcome varies from patient-to-patient. However the overall effect is enhancement of breast size for improved appearance.
Breast Lift (mastopexy)
Procedure:
This operation removes excess skin in and around the breast that has been stretched during pregnancy or weight fluctuations. Breast implants may also be used in conjunction with this procedure to achieve the desired result.
Length:
Approximately two to three hours.
Anesthesia:
General anesthesia is administered and the patient is completely asleep. The procedure can also be performed under intravenous sedation and local anesthesia.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
Either is possible depending on the patient's medical condition and the preference of the surgeon.
Possible Side Effects:
Temporary bruising, swelling, some mild discomfort, numbness, and dry/tender breast skin.
Risks:
Unfavorable scarring with keloid formations is possible. In addition skin loss, infection, unevenly positioned nipples (asymmetry), and the possibility of permanent loss of feeling in the nipples and/or the breasts.
Recovery:
The patient can return to work within one week or more and may resume strenuous activities after one month. The fading of scars may take several months to one year.
Results:
The outcome varies from patient-to-patient.
Other factors that may influence results are:
gravity, pregnancy, aging, and weight changes which may cause new sagging. Results may last longer or be enhanced when breast implants are inserted as part of the procedure adding support to the newly positioned breast tissue.
Breast Reduction
Procedure:
A breast reduction, also referred to as a reduction mammoplasty, is a surgical procedure to reduce the size and improve the shape of the breasts. Typically, women who are candidates for this procedure have physical symptoms related to the weight or shape of their breasts. These symptoms include back pain, neck pain, and bra strap grooves. The incisions vary based upon the breast size before the operation and the final post operative size.
An incision is made around the nipple and areola accompanied by a vertical incision below the areola with or without a horizontal incision made in the crease below the breast. Short scar techniques are frequently applicable in breast reduction surgery and allow excellent reduction of size with improved shape while limiting the extent of the incisions.
For reduction of very large breasts, in some cases the nipple and areola may need to be surgically removed and reapplied as a graft. Removing and reapplying the nipple/areola tissue will result in the loss of nipple sensation and the inability to breastfeed.
Length:
The procedure usually requires 2-4 hours of operating time depending upon the technique chosen and the size of the breasts.
Anesthesia:
The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia supplemented with local anesthesia. Smaller reductions can be performed under intravenous sedation without the need for general anesthesia.
Inpatient or outpatient:
Depending on the size of the breasts, type of anesthesia selected, and length of the surgical procedure, patients may return home on the same day as their surgery or spend the night at an aftercare facility or hospital.
Possible side effects:
Prolonged swelling and delayed healing.
Risks:
Risks associated with breast reduction include:
unfavorable scarring, loss of nipple sensation, loss of ability to breastfeed, loss of nipple and breast tissue, unsatisfactory shape, and failure to achieve aesthetic goals.
Recovery:
Typically one to two weeks is required for recovery. Most patients return to normal activities in that period of time. Strenuous physical activities are discouraged for three to six weeks after the operation.
Results:
Most patients who undergo a reduction mammoplasty are pleased with the size and the shape of their breasts and are delighted with the improvement and lessening of the symptoms of pain and discomfort that they experienced due to the weight of their breasts. Breast reduction makes physical activities easier and patients enjoy their new appearance and ability to wear clothing that was uncomfortable or unattractive before the surgery was performed.
Male Breast Reduction (jinecomasty)
Procedure:
Reduces enlarged, female-like breasts in men using liposuction and/or surgically removing excess glandular tissue.
Length:
Approximately one and one-half to three hours
Anesthesia:
Either general anesthesia is used or intravenous sedation and local anesthesia are used.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
This is an outpatient procedure
Possible Side Effects:
Temporary bruising, swelling, numbness, soreness, and/or a burning sensation are possible.
Risks:
Infection, fluid build-up, injury to the skin, rippling or looseness of the skin, asymmetry, pigmentation changes, excessive scarring if tissue was cut away, loss of nipple sensation, contour irregularities and in some instances the need for a second procedure to remove additional tissue is required.
Recovery:
The patient may go back to work after seven days. More strenuous activity may be resumed after two to three weeks. Most of the swelling and bruising will disappear after three to six months.
Results:
Permanent, although weight gain may cause the breast area to once again become larger.
Ear Surgery
Procedure:
Sets prominent ears back closer to the head and/or reduces the size of large ears. This procedure is most often performed on children between the ages of four and fourteen and may be covered by insurance.
Length:
Approximately two hours.
Anesthesia:
Young children:
usually general anesthesia is given. For older children or adults:
a general or local anesthesia is used with sedation.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
Usually this is an outpatient procedure.
Possible Side Effects:
Temporary throbbing, aching, swelling, redness and/or numbness.
Risks:
Infection of cartilage, excessive scarring, blood clots that may need to be drained, mismatched or artificial-looking ears, or the recurrence of the protrusion which requires repeat surgery.
Recovery:
The patient may return to school or work within five to seven days, and resume strenuous activity, such as contact sports in one to two months.
Results:
Usually permanent.
Eyelid Surgery(blepheroplasty)
Procedure:
Alters drooping upper eyelid skin and the puffy bags below the eyes by removing excess fat, skin and muscle.
Length:
Approximately two hours.
Anesthesia:
General anesthesia or intravenous sedation and local anesthesia are used.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
This is an outpatient procedure.
Possible Side Effects:
Temporary discomfort, feeling of "tightness" in the eyelid area, swelling or bruising. Excessive tearing and sensitivity to light for the first few weeks should be expected. Temporary dryness, burning, or itching of eyes may also occur but these side effects are rare.
Risks:
Temporary blurred or double vision, infection, bleeding, swelling at the corners of the eyelids, dry eyes, formation of whiteheads, slight asymmetry in healing or scarring, difficulty in closing eyes completely (which is rarely permanent), and a lowered position of the lower eyelid of the lower lids which may require further surgery. Permanent loss of vision is a risk but this is extremely rare.
Recovery:
The patient may begin reading after about two to three days and can expect to return to work at approximately five to ten days. Use of contact lens may be resumed after two weeks (upon re-evaluation by the physician). The patient should not consume alcohol after the surgery. More strenuous activities and alcohol consumption may be resumed after three weeks. Bruising and swelling should be gone after several weeks.
Results:
For some, this procedure will last several years and for others it may be permanent.
Facelift
Procedure:
Improves sagging facial skin, jowls and loose neck skin by removing excess fat, tightening muscles and re-draping skin.
Length:
Approximately four hours.
Anesthesia:
Usually general anesthesia is used or the patient may elect to have sedation and local anesthesia.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
Usually this is an outpatient procedure, although some patients may require a short hospital stay
Possible Side Effects:
Temporary bruising, swelling, numbness and tenderness of the skin, as well as a tight feeling and dry skin. For men, permanent need to shave behind ears, where beard-growing skin is repositioned.
Risks:
Injury to the nerves that control facial muscles or feeling (which is usually temporary but in rare cases may be permanent), infection, bleeding, poor healing, excessive scarring, asymmetry and a change in the hairline.
Recovery:
The patient may return to work after ten to fourteen days. More strenuous activity may be resumed after two weeks or more. Bruising should begin to disappear after seven to ten days. Sun exposure must be limited for several months after surgery. The use of a sun block that provides both UVA and UVB (Utraviolet )protection is recommended.
Results:
Most facelifts can be expected to maintain optimum appearance for up to five to ten years.
Forehead Lift
Procedure:
Minimizes forehead creases, drooping eyebrows, hooding over the eyes, furrowed forehead and frown lines by removing excess tissue, altering muscles and tightening the forehead skin. This procedure may be performed using the traditional technique, with an incision across the top of the head just behind the hairline, or with the use of an endoscope, which requires three to five short incisions, but allows access to the relevant areas to be treated incorporating a camera and a monitor to visualize the dissected areas.
Length:
One to two hours
Anesthesia:
General anesthesia or intravenous sedation and local anesthesia are options.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
This is most often an outpatient procedure
Possible Side Effects:
When an endoscope is used:
Temporary swelling, numbness, headaches, and bruising.
When using the traditional method, there is the possibility of itching and hair loss.
Risks:
Injury to facial nerves causing loss of motion, muscle weakness, or an asymmetrical look, persistent areas of numbness and broad and occasionally excessive scarring
Recovery:
The patient usually returns to work in seven to ten days and even sooner with an endoscopic forehead lift. The patient must limit more strenuous activities for several weeks. Full recovery from bruising takes from two to three weeks. One should limit sun exposure for several months to avoid hyperpigmentation of the forehead which can occur as a result of sunlight exposure during the first 3-6 months after the procedure has been performed.
Results:
This procedure usually last up to five to ten years
Liposuction
Procedure:
Improves body shape by removing exercise-resistant fat deposits with a tube and a vacuum device. This procedure can be performed using the tumescent or the super-wet techniques. Liposuction techniques typically are performed after targeted fat cells are infused with a saline solution containing a local anesthetic and adrenalin to decrease blood loss, allow an easier removal of the fat, as well as diminish postoperative discomfort. This also reduces post-operative bruising and swelling. The most common locations for liposuction are:
chin, cheeks, neck, and upper arms, the area above the breasts, abdomen, buttocks, hips, thighs, knees, calves, and ankles.
There are two types of techniques commonly used:
the "Traditional Technique" and the "Ultrasonic Technique (UA)". The Traditional Technique utilizes a hollow tube to remove the fat and the Ultrasonic Technique utilizes ultrasonic energy to dissolve that fat before it is removed. (See your Physician regarding which technique would be best for you)
Length:
Traditional:
One to two hours or more
UAL is peel out:
20-40% longer than Traditional liposuction
Anesthesia:
General anesthesia can be used or intravenous sedation and local anesthesia are used.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
This is an outpatient procedure.
Possible Side Effects:
Temporary bruising, swelling, numbness, soreness or burning sensations.
Risks:
Infection, asymmetry, rippling of the skin, pigmentation changes (hypo/hyper), injury to the skin, fluid retention and/or excessive loss of blood and fluids.
Recovery:
The patient usually returns to work after five to fourteen days. More strenuous activity may be resumed after two to four weeks. Full recovery from swelling and bruising may take one to six months depending upon the amount of fat that is removed and the areas that were treated.
Results:
The effect is permanent and must be augmented with a sensible diet and consistent exercise.
Nose Surgery( rhinoplasty)
Procedure:
Reshapes the nose by reducing or increasing the size, removing humps, changing the shape of tip or bridge, narrowing the span of the nostrils, or changing the angle between the nose and upper lip. This procedure may also relieve some breathing difficulties when combined with surgery performed on the nasal septum.
Length:
Surgery takes approximately one hour or more.
Anesthesia:
General or intravenous sedation and local anesthesia are used.
Inpatient/Outpatient:
This is an outpatient procedure
Possible Side Effects:
Temporary swelling, bruising around the eyes, and/or nose and some bleeding and nasal stuffiness.
Risks:
Infection, asymmetry, unsatisfactory nasal shape and incomplete improvement (which would require additional surgery) are possible
Recovery:
The patient may go back to work after one week. More strenuous activities may be resumed after two to three weeks. The patient should avoid any activity that could impact on the nose or becoming sunburned for at least eight weeks. The use of a sunblock that provides both UVA and UVB protection is useful. The final results may take up to one year and sometimes longer to achieve. (Why longer? The nose seems to be the part of the body that takes the longest to completely assume the final appearance after cosmetic plastic surgical procedures. This is related to the time required for reestablishment of lymphatic drainage pathways which are responsible for the resolution of swelling)
Results:
Permanent
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